2025 Bull Market Profit Models: Distinguishing Value Investment from Speculation Amid AI Valuation Concerns

The 2025 bull market is defined by four profit models: enterprise profitability (cash flow-based value investment), future growth expectations (AI-driven growth stocks), market consensus (collective sentiment), and asset belief (self-reinforcing convictions like AI as a core driver). Only enterprise profitability is non-speculative, as others rely on market sentiment [1].

• Enterprise Profitability
  : 2025 Q3 S&P 500 net profit margin reached 13.0% (2009 high), validating fundamental analysis.
• Future Growth
  : AI boom fuels tech growth; Berkshire’s first Google purchase signals confidence in AI infrastructure.
• Market Consensus
  : AI assets have strong consensus, with stablecoin supply up $450B indicating capital inflow.
• Asset Belief
  : AI is a core belief, creating self-reinforcing cycles; computing power is a new production factor.
• Valuation Context
  : S&P 500 P/E is 27.18 (above historical average); AI sector has significant valuation premium, at ~54% of internet bubble levels [6].

Value vs speculation hinges on valuation, fundamentals, and drivers. High market valuations make strict value stocks scarce, while AI’s premium suggests early-stage frenzy. Investors must balance fundamental focus with AI’s structural impact.

• Risks
  : AI valuation bubble risks [6], speculative asset volatility, high market valuations.
• Opportunities
  : AI infrastructure long-term value, fundamental-driven stocks amid corrections.

[1] 波浪理论（一）：神奇的市场预言家
[6] AI估值溢价：是’繁荣’还是’泡沫’？